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Research citations supporting
data on medical marijuana and chronic pain found on this site

[Webmaster's clarification: for citations 1-10 see Legal Citations on movement disorders]

11. Abrams, Donald I., et al [2003]. Short-Term Effects of Cannabinoids in Patients with HIV-1 Infection: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Aug 19;139(4):258-66.5. Dixon WE. The pharmacology of Cannabis indica. BMJ 1899; ii: 1354-1357.

12. Joy JE, Watson SJ, Benson JA, Jr. Marijuana and medicine: Assessing the science base. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine; 1999.

13. Prentiss D, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 35(1): 38-45

14. Bayer R. Medicinal uses of marijuana [letter; comment]. Ann Intern Med 1997;127(12):1134; discussion 1135.

15. Sidney S. Marijuana use in HIV-positive and AIDS patients: Results of an anonymous mail survey. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 2001;1(3-4):35-43r.

16. Russo EB. Cannabis therapeutics in HIV/AIDS. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press; 2001.

17. "Review of Human Studies on the Medical Use of Marijuana," Dale Gieringer, Ph.D. (1996).

18. Beal JE, Olson R, Laubenstein L, Morales JO, Bellman P, Yangco B, Lefkowitz L, Plasse T, Shepard KV (1995). Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 10, 89-97

19. R. Foltin, et al. Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory, Appetite 11 (1988): 1-14.

20. R. Foltin, et al. Behavioral analysis of marijuana effects on food intake in humans, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 25 (1986): 577-582.

21. H. Gross, et al. A double-blind trial of delta-9-THC in primary anorexia nervosa, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 3 (1983): 165-171

22. L. Hollister, "Hunger and appetite after single doses of marihuana, alcohol, and dextroamphetamine," Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12 (1971): 44-49

23. I. Greenberg et al., "Effects of marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans", Journal of Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 49 (1976): 79-84

24. Morton, Rachel. "Study finds pot safe for AIDS patients: Government funding for research a first." San Francisco Chronicle, 14 July, 2000.

25. L. Grinspoon et al., "Marihuana The Forbidden Medicine" (second edition), New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1997), 102

26. T. Plasse et al., "Recent Clinical Experience with Dronabinol," Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 40 (1991): 695-700 as cited by L. Grinspoon et al., in Marihuana The Forbidden Medicine (second edition), 102.

27. J. Joy et al., op cit., 201.

28. "Seventeenth Annual Report of the Research Advisory Panel," prepared for the Governor and Legislature by the California Research Advisory Panel, San Francisco (1986), 9-10; R. McNeill, The Lynn Pierson Therapeutic Research Program: A Report on Progress to Date, Behavioral Health Services Division, Health and Environment Department, State of New Mexico (1983), 4; Annual Report: Evaluation of Marijuana and Tetrahydrocannabinol in Treatment of Nausea and/or Vomiting Associated with Cancer Chemotherapy Unresponsive to Conventional Anti-Emetic Therapy: Efficacy and Toxicity, Board of Pharmacy, State of Tennessee (1983) 5; http://www.medmjscience.org/Pages/science/zeesestates. html

28. J. Joy et al., op cit., 177.

29. Many of the reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors commonly prescribed as part of the "AIDS Cocktail" cause side effects including peripheral neuropathy, nausea, and vomiting. See, e.g., Physician's Desk Reference 889 (Didanosine), 895 (Stavudine) (54th ed. 2000).

30. See, e.g., David M. Simpson et al., Selected Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection: Dementia and Peripheral Neuropathy, Improving the Management of HIV Disease, Dec. 1999

31. Nathalie Do Quang-Cantagtrel et al., Opioid Substitution to Improve the Effectiveness of Chronic Noncancer Pain Control: A Chart Review, 90 Anesthesia & Analgesia 933 (2000) (reporting opioid analgesics are effective for only 36% of patients, ineffective for 34%, and intolerable for 30% of patients) 34. Neurologic AIDS Research Consortium, Peripheral Neuropathy, available at http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/narc/peri-neuropathy.html ("Treatment of neuropathic pain . . . is notoriously difficult. Even narcotics may not fully relieve [it].").

32. Id.; SER 91-94; ER 102 6.

33. Clive Cookson, High Hopes for Cannabis to Relieve Pain: British Association Science Festival in Glasgow, Financial Times, September 4, 2001, at National News pg. 4

34. See, e.g., William J. Martin, Basic Mechanisms of Cannabinoid-Induced Analgesia, IASP Newsletter (International Association for the Study of Pain) Summer 1999, at 89 ("There is now unequivocal evidence that cannabinoids are antinociceptive [capable of blocking the appreciation or transmission of pain] in animal models of acute pain").


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